2001 Nobel Prize in Medicine Contributions

Cancer Biology Writing Assignment #1 Topic #1 The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (commonly referred to as the “Nobel Prize in Medicine”) is awarded annually by the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute, a Swedish medical school and research center.[6] Established along with four other awards in 1895 by Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, this award … Read More»

Causes of Chronic Migraines

Headache is pain in any part of the head that can occur suddenly or gradually and produce a varying amount of pain; in fact, it is the most common form of pain in the United States (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2014). Headache is often divided into two categories, primary and secondary (U.S. … Read More»

Accelerated Diagnosis Pathway Vs Traditional Diagnosis Pathway for Chest Pain Management in Emergency Department

 Reference this Share this: Facebook  Twitter  Reddit  LinkedIn  WhatsApp   Accelerated Diagnosis Pathway Vs Traditional Diagnosis Pathway for Chest Pain Management in Emergency Department   Having intense chest pain usually gets people to be admitted to the hospital quickly. However, research now suggests there should be reassessment of the guidelines currently used to evaluate likely severity of one’s pain conditions. According … Read More»

A Clinical Overview of Laron’s Syndrome

Abstract: Laron’s Syndrome, which is also known as Laron-type dwarfism, is a rare disease; primarily characterized by a short stature. The disease is caused by the body not being unable to utilize human growth hormone. The root cause of this insensitivity is usually a mutated growth hormone receptor. Affected individuals are born near normal size … Read More»

Acoustic Neuroma: Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment

Acoustic neuroma, otherwise known as Vestibular schwannoma, is a slow growing tumor that develops due to the overproduction of Schwann cells (John Hopkins Medicine, 2019). The growth is on a nerve in the inner ear which leads up to the brain. This eighth nerve from the inner ear to the brain, which is known as … Read More»

Acute Bronchitis Epidemology, Risk Factors and Management

Share this: Facebook  Twitter  Reddit  LinkedIn  WhatsApp   Abstract Acute Bronchitis is a common respiratory infection seen in primary care settings and effects millions of patients each year. Although acute bronchitis can be caused by several agents, viruses are the most common cause. The clinical presentation of acute bronchitis is characterized by a cough with or without sputum and signs of … Read More»

Acute Coronary Syndrome: Simptoms, Treatment and Insurance

Share this: Facebook  Twitter  Reddit  LinkedIn  WhatsApp   Acute Coronary Syndrome Abstract According to data published from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), it is estimated that 16.5 million Americans over the age of 20 have been diagnosed with Coronary Heart Disease. This was based on data collected between 2011 and 2014.  (Benjamin, Blaha, & Chiuve, 2017) Acute Coronary … Read More»

Acute Effects of Mobile Phone Radiation on Nerve cells and Sleep Quality

Share this: Facebook  Twitter  Reddit  LinkedIn  WhatsApp   Mobile phones have become an essential tool for us in everyday life but its rapid growth in popularity since the 2000s has sparked many concerns of its safety. Its emittance of radio frequencies (RF), electro magnetic fields (EMF) and close proximity to the brain has given reason for exploration into its effects on … Read More»

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treatments

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia is a type of cancer that arises in the lymphoid kind of blood cells in bones.1 In this type of cancer, there are a large number of immature lymphocytes, which are the early version of white blood cells in the bone marrow. Leukemia cells spread in the body rapidly and travel to various … Read More»

Acute Pancreatitis: Causes, Treatment and Progression

The pancreas is one of the most important organs in the body, especially when it comes to the breakdown of dietary fats and lipids. It is known as one of the body’s main source of lipases (enzymes that break down fat into simpler molecules) which is why it can have such dire consequences when infected. … Read More»

Impact ADHD and Autism on Education

How does ADHD and/or autism impact on the pupil, other pupils, teachers and the whole school? Introduction and Overview First, is to define ADHD and Autism: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a disorder that tampers with major parts of the brain that is related the control of a person’s attention, activity and emotions which … Read More»

A Discussion on Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Efficacy and Controversy

Share this: Facebook  Twitter  Reddit  LinkedIn  WhatsApp   A Discussion on Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Efficacy and Controversy Objectives: This report will discuss the efficiency of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines and it will touch on some of the social and ethical controversies surrounding vaccination programs for sexually transmitted diseases. HPV’s direct connections to many types of cancers which require different vaccination processes … Read More»

A Disorder That Affects The Endocrine System Medical Essay

Share this: Facebook  Twitter  Reddit  LinkedIn  WhatsApp   The patient chosen to partake in this project is a 54 year old male of Asian origin, diagnosed 8 years ago, at 46 years old suffering from Type II Diabetes. Health Issue Diabetes Mellitus is a disorder that affects the endocrine system, as it is this system that controls and regulates the hormones … Read More»

Advanced breast cancer

Background Cancer accounts for 13% of all deaths in 2007, making it the largest cause of mortality worldwide and is the leading cause of premature death in Scotland. 2,22 Out of the staggering figure of 27,500 new cases that were diagnosed on that same year in Scotland, 4044 of them are breast cancer cases, making … Read More»

Advances and Challenges for the Malaria Vaccine

Malaria is still a significant problem in third-world countries, what advances have been made in vaccine design and what are the challenges remaining? SUMMARY In a phase III clinical trial RTS,S/AS01 was administered once a month for three months to African children (5-17 aged months) and infants (aged 6-12 weks) with one group receiving a … Read More»

Advantages and Disadvantages of Medication for Children Diagnosed with ADHD

Share this: Facebook  Twitter  Reddit  LinkedIn  WhatsApp   ADHD, also known as Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder;  is a neurodevelopmental disorder that causes and imbalance, deficiency, or inefficiency in brain chemicals, effecting certain regions of individuals brains (Edmunds, 2018. P.152.). The three principle characteristics that make up ADHD are; impulsivity, hyperactivity, and inattention (Wender, 2002). Hyperactivity characteristics can be seen in fidgeting, restlessness, … Read More»

Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting: a Novel Approach

ADVERSE DRUG REACTION REPORTING, A NOVEL APPROACH Author: Abdul Latif Sheikh*, Ale Zehra*, Salwa Zubair*, Muhammad Zeeshan Khan*   ABSTRACT: Globally adverse drug reactions (ADRs) has major contribution in public health cost & mortality ratio. Therefore it’s a crucial time for an ongoing ADR-monitoring and new easy advance reporting program which provides benefits to the … Read More»

Aerobic and Resistance Training Effect on Lipoprotein Levels

Share this: Facebook  Twitter  Reddit  LinkedIn  WhatsApp   INTRODUCTION Obesity in adult population is related to obesity during their childhood. In addition, obese adolescents are at risk of developing obesity as adults, who tend to have abnormal lipid and glucose levels (1). Obesity is one of the major risk factor for developing cardiovascular diseases (14) Altered metabolism of lipids is observed … Read More»

Alcohol-Related Liver Disease (ARLD) Case Study

INTRODUCTION The case study examines Edward, a 63 year old man with a history of alcohol- related liver disease (ARLD). He has deranged coagulation with an INR of 2.6 and raised transaminases. Clinically, he looks jaundiced and increasingly confused. He is oliguric and requires increasing oxygen support. The essay will briefly discuss on ARLD and … Read More»

Algorithms for pre-processing and processing stages of x-ray images

Share this: Facebook  Twitter  Reddit  LinkedIn  WhatsApp   1.1 Introduction This chapter presents algorithms for pre-processing and processing stages of both cervical and lumbar vertebrae x-ray images. Pre-processing stage here is the process of locating and enhancement the spine regionof interestin the x-ray image, where the processing stage includes the shape boundary representation and segmentation algorithms based feature vectors extraction and … Read More»

Algorithm to Diagnose Infective COPD Exacerbation

Essay for Algorithm to Diagnose Infective COPD Exacerbation The exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is triggered by allergen, air pollution, extreme activities and smoking. Common signs and symptoms include increased breathlessness than routine, increased frequency of cough or developing a new cough or change in the colour of sputum, etc. The homozygosity for … Read More»

Allergic Reactions and Sensitivity Caused by Dental Materials

Share this: Facebook  Twitter  Reddit  LinkedIn  WhatsApp   Allergic Reactions and Sensitivity Caused by Dental Materials in the fabrication of Partial Dentures and Complete Dentures Introduction Throughout this essay, research will be gathered to explain the types of sensitivity and allergic reactions caused by dental materials in the creation of partial or complete dentures. Different types of materials will be discussed … Read More»

Allopathic and the Complementary Approaches to Medicine

Share this: Facebook  Twitter  Reddit  LinkedIn  WhatsApp   HND Complementary Therapies Image 1, (Collinge, 2008) Contents Introduction History of Medicine and Healing Herbalism Chinese Hippocrates Different approaches between Allopathic and Complementary Therapies Allopathic Complementary Common Ground Disadvantages of Integration Existing Models Conclusion Bibliography References Introduction This report describes models and theories of healing.  The history of medicine and healing is discussed … Read More»

Alternative Splicing- a Double Edged Sword in Human Cancers

Share this: Facebook  Twitter  Reddit  LinkedIn  WhatsApp   The human genome can be described as a complex, biological manual that encodes for the genetic instructions required to build and maintain an individual. Furthermore, as Charles Darwin famously discovered that human beings are no stranger to evolution, it should come as to no surprise to us of the complicated and dynamic nature … Read More»

Alternatives to Pharmacological Treatment of Nausea and Vomiting: A Systematic Review

Share this: Facebook  Twitter  Reddit  LinkedIn  WhatsApp   Abstract   Despite the progress made with antiemetics, nausea and vomiting still affect a great percent of our population. Hence, the objective of this review was to gather, compare, and contrast existing scientific data about alternative non-pharmacological therapies for the management of nausea and vomiting in three different scenarios: post-operative nausea and vomiting … Read More»

Alzheimer’s Disease Research on the Effects of Exercise

Alzheimer’s disease takes place in the central nervous system (CNS), which contains the brain, spinal cord, and neurons. In the CNS, the brain is responsible for most of the sensory information and coordination in the body both conscious and unconscious. The brain takes on complex actions like thinking and feeling. There are two types of … Read More»

Alzheimer’s Pathology and Treatment

Alzheimer’s Aging leads to the gradual wearing out of the body cells. Consequently, aging leads to the onset of various diseases such as Alzheimer’s. Alzheimer’s, which is also referred to as AD is a neurodegenerative disease. History of Alzheimer’s Alzheimer’s disease was discovered by, a German Psychiatrist, Dr. A. Alzheimer in 1906(Tanzi, 2013). Dr. Alzheimer … Read More»

Anaerobic Case Study: Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus

Share this: Facebook  Twitter  Reddit  LinkedIn  WhatsApp   Case Study 1 A 17 year old female with a one month history of worsening perineal and buttock lesions. Two weeks prior to admission, she presented to her family doctor for evaluation. At that time, the lesions were excoriated, inflamed and indurated. The lesions were multiple and scattered over the perineum and buttocks. … Read More»

Analgesia Administration in Limb Trauma

Research Methods Introduction This assignment aims to establish a critique of a published academic paper in relevance to paramedic practice. There are clear foundations that this assignment is based upon which include the systematic process regarding the development of a search strategy. In addition, this assignment also intends to explain and justify the relative robustness … Read More»

Analysis of Grafting Techniques

Procedure: In this method a split-thickness skin graft is harvested from the donor site, either thigh or buttocks. It is then meshed either manually or in an Ampligreffe or any other suitable meshing apparatus.[40,41] Meshing of the graft causes an expansion in its size to 4 or 6 times its original one. The meshed graft is … Read More»

Analysis of Respiratory Protocols and Patient Benefits

Overview of Protocols The American Association for Respiratory Care (AARC) (2008) describe the protocols for a respiratory therapist as: “Initiation or modification of a patient care plan following a predetermined structured set of physician orders, instructions or interventions in which the therapist is allowed to initiate, discontinue, refine, transition, or restart therapy as the patient’s … Read More»

Analysis of the Federal Communications Committee (FCC) and Net Neutrality

Share this: Facebook  Twitter  Reddit  LinkedIn  WhatsApp   The term is implemented with government permission, these precepts introduced to as “standard carrier” rules. Opt-in/opt-out groups exist on the end user line, and filtering performed on a local basis, as in the filtration of delicate matter for children. Net impartiality rules exist to protect against abuse. F.C.C. Chairman Ajit Pai testifying before … Read More»

Anatomical Features of Teeth and Their Development

DENTITION INTRODUCTION Throughout this essay, information regarding the formation, types of teeth, importance, practices, and disorders affecting dentition will be discussed. FORMATION OF TEETH AND DISORDERS THAT AFFECT TOOTH DEVELOPMENT The formation of teeth begins through dental lamina, in the sixth week of embryonic life. The oral epithelium thickens through the embryonic stage and grows … Read More»

Anatomy and Physiology of Cochlear Implants

Cochlear Implants Introduction Hearing loss impacts a large number of people at various points in their lives1. Whether a parent or grandparent has a hearing aid, or a loud concert leaves the ears ringing, there is a demand for hearing improvements. According to the National Center for Health Statistics, around 18 percent of American adults … Read More»

An Ethical Study On the Legalization of Physician Assisted Suicide

Share this: Facebook  Twitter  Reddit  LinkedIn  WhatsApp   Moral issue of physician assisted suicide (PAS) is a very complex and controversial topic. One focus of the controversy is whether patient’s autonomy can be guaranteed and whether his true will be manifested. Mill’s utilitarianism, Kant’s deontological ethics and Aristotle’s virtue ethics each have different interpretations of the legalization of physician assisted suicide, … Read More»

A Neuroscientific Approach to Nicotine Addiction

Despite the health risks, nicotine addiction is still prominent today. While smokers are aware of these risks, they continue to engage in the practice of smoking. The purpose of this essay is to identify the potential causes of nicotine addiction, as well as an exploration of the current literature related to nicotine cessation methods. With … Read More»

Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptors (AT2R) for Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment

Share this: Facebook  Twitter  Reddit  LinkedIn  WhatsApp   Key words: Inflammation Synovium Arthritis Immune system Agonism Introduction:   Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is described as a chronic autoimmune disease that comprises of synovial damage, swelling and pain (Wang et al., 2019). It predominantly affects joint tissues, gradually causing dysfunction and deformation. (Wang et al., 2018). It instigates a variety of co-morbid conditions, … Read More»

Ankylosing Spondylitis and How It Is Portrayed Radiographically

Share this: Facebook  Twitter  Reddit  LinkedIn  WhatsApp   Ankylosing Spondylitis and How It Is Portrayed Radiographically Abstract Ankylosing Spondylitis is a form of arthritis that primarily effects the spine and joints of the pelvis. This disease can also be called Ankylosing Spondylosis, Marie Strumpell Disease, Betchterew’s syndrome, Ankylosing Spondyloarthritis and even Bamboo Spine, for its radiographic appearance as a bamboo shoot. … Read More»

Anorexia Nervosa: Causes and Treatments

Problem: Too many teenagers are becoming anorexic. Question: What are researchers doing to prevent it? Introduction. Anorexia nervosa is a huge issue among men and women of all ages. Anorexia Nervosa, or anorexia for short, is a disease that too many people get. There are a wide range of reasons why people may become anorexic. Anorexia nervosa … Read More»

Anorexia Nervosa: Symptoms and Interventions

Anorexia Nervosa is the first eating disorder accentuated by severe weight loss or not enough weight gain in children as they grow. This disorder can be traced back as early as the 1200s. In those early days of anorexia mirabilis as the diagnosis called, based primarily on spiritual or religious purity rituals. People believed in … Read More»

Antibiotic Resistance: Genetics and Mechanisms

Antimicrobial resistance occurs when a microorganism such as bacteria, viruses or parasites acquire the ability to disable the effects of a drug designed to kill them or stop their growth (CDC, 2018). As a consequence the treatments to get rid of infections failed and the risk to spread to others increased (WHO, 2018). Get Help … Read More»

Public Awareness for Prevention of Antibiotic Resistance

Factors Contributing To Antibiotic Resistance Can Be Prevented By Raising Public Awareness & Prevention Methods Abstract This report looks at some of the reasons behind the spread of antibiotic resistance. From the literature four key factors were identified that contribute to antibiotic resistance: over prescription, self-medication, agricultural use and hospital use of antibiotics. This report identifies … Read More»

Antibiotics for Treatment of Acute Otitis Media

The role of Antibiotics for Treatment of Acute Otitis Media in Prevention of Subsequent Development of Acute Mastoiditis in Children Introduction Acute otitis media (AOM) is considered to be one of the most common infections in children. Most of the time it is self-limiting disease without need for antibiotic therapy; however, some children have individual … Read More»

Antibodies and Inflammation Against Chlamydia Trachomatis and Ovarian Cancer Risk

Share this: Facebook  Twitter  Reddit  LinkedIn  WhatsApp   Antibodies and Inflammation against Chlamydia trachomatis and Ovarian Cancer Risk in Two Independent United States Populations Specific Aims Significance: Ovarian cancer is the most fatal gynecologic malignancy. It ranks fifth in cancer deaths among women, accounting for more deaths than any other cancer of the female reproductive system with about 22,240 women receiving a … Read More»

Anxiety and Pain Related to Injections in Pediatric Patients

Share this: Facebook  Twitter  Reddit  LinkedIn  WhatsApp   Abstract Injections are an unavoidable part of pediatric health and, unfortunately, are a common source of pain and anxiety for children. In current nursing practice, interventions exist to reduce pain and anxiety in the pediatric population. However, they may vary in approach and effectiveness. Current research includes vibration stimulation, visual aids, music therapy, … Read More»

APC Hypermethylation as a Prostate Cancer Indicator

Evaluation of APC Hypermethylation From Serum Samples as an Indicator for Presence of Prostate Cancer and Higher Gleason Score Abstract Purpose In this prospective study it is aimed to identify role of hypermethlation analysis of APC gene from serum samples on detection of prostate cancer in patients with PSA level 2,5-10 ng/ml and its correlation … Read More»

Approaches to Managing Wounds

Option 4.1- Discuss the approach to managing wounds that are classified as either healable, maintenance or non-healable. Comment on how local wound care approaches differ for each of these classifications. Managing healable wounds Once the wound is diagnosed as healable, the IHT (Interprofessional Healthcare Team) can treat it accordingly.  Healable wounds have adequate blood supply.  An ABPI test … Read More»

A Review of Epidemiology and Causation Concepts

Running head: A Review of Epidemiology and Causation Concepts The concept of causation in epidemiology has been a difficult enterprise to students and researchers seeking to master it both in terms of evidence, and its causal relationships to diseases, or their legitimate causes, taking in consideration epidemiology as a scientific field (Parascandola &Weed, 2001; Olsen, … Read More»

Arrhythmogenic Right Venticular Dysplasia | Case Report

Arrhythmogenic Right Venticular Dysplasia – A Rare case report from tribal zone of Central India Dr. Prakash Khunte, Dr. P. Beck, Dr. K. Yadav ABSTRACT Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) is under diagnosed cardiomyopathy which commonly presents in young adults with ventricular tachycardia or sudden death. It is characterized pathologically by progressive fibrofatty replacement of … Read More»

Artefact Correction within Digital Subtraction Angiography

Share this: Facebook  Twitter  Reddit  LinkedIn  WhatsApp   Artefact Correction within Digital Subtraction Angiography In medical imaging, the process of allowing visualisation of blood vessels within a body is known as angiography. To allow this visualisation, a contrast medium is injected and spreads throughout the body. By using contrast, the increased visualisation heavily increases the diagnostic value of the image. It … Read More»



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